FIRST CIVIL WAR 1642-46
1642
| August 22 | King Charles raises his standard at Nottingham and war begins. | |
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September 23 | Prince Rupert defeats the Parliamentarians at Powick Bridge. |
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October 23 | The king defeats the Earl of Essex at the battle of Edgehill. |
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October 29 | Royalists occupy Oxford, which becomes their capital and chief mint. |
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November 13 | The Royalists are turned back from London at Turnham Green, ensuring the war would continue. |
1643
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January 19 | Battle of Braddock Down. Royalists dominate Cornwall. |
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March 19 | Battle of Hopton Heath. Northhampton defeats Gell and Brereton. |
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March 30 | Battle of Seacroft Moor. Goring defeats Sir Thomas Fairfax. |
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June 29 | Battle of Adwalton Moor. Newcastle destroys the Parliamentarian army of the Fairfaxes. |
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July 5 | Battle of Lansdown. Hopton defeats Waller. |
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July 13 | Battle of Roundaway Down. Wilmot, Hopton and Prince Maurice destroy Waller’s army. |
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July 27 |
Battle of Gainsborough. Cromwell defeats Cavendish. |
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September 20 | Battle of First Newbury. King Charles fails to stop Essex. |
| September 25 | Parliament forms Solemn League and Covenant with Scotland. | |
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October 11 | Battle of Winceby. Manchester, Sir Thomas Fairfax and Cromwell defeat Sir William Widrington and Sir John Henderson. |
1644
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January 19 | The Scots invade England in support of Parliament. |
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January 25 | Battle of Nantwich. Sir Thomas Fairfax defeats Lord Byron. |
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June 29 | Battle of Cropredy Bridge. The king defeats Waller. |
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July 2 | Battle of Marston Moor. Prince Rupert and Newcastle defeated by the Scots and Parliamentarians under the Earl of Leven, Manchester and Fairfax. |
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August 21 | Battle of Beacon Hill. The king defeats Essex. |
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October 27 | Battle of Second Newbury. Standoff between the King and Manchester and Waller. |
1645
| April | The New Model Army is formed by Parliament from the armies of Essex, Manchester and Waller. | |
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June 14 | Battle of Naseby. The New Model Army under Sir Thomas Fairfax and Cromwell defeats the king. |
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July 10 | Battle of Langport. Sir Thomas Fairfax defeats Goring. |
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September 24 | Battle of Rowton Heath. Royalists defeated. |
1646
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March 21 | Stow-on-the-Wold. Last Royalist army surrenders. |
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May 5 | King surrenders to the Scots. |
SECOND CIVIL WAR 1648-49
1648
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August 17-19 | Battle of Preston. Cromwell defeats the Duke of Hamilton’s Royalists and Scots. |
1649
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January 30 | Charles I beheaded. Cromwell arrives in Ireland. |
THIRD CIVIL WAR 1650-51
1650
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September 3 | Battle of Dunbar. Cromwell defeats Leslie and the Scots Covenanters. |
1651
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August 26 | Battle of Wigan. Lilburne defeats Lord Derby’s forces. |
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August 28 | Battle of Upton-on-Severn. Lambert defeats Massey’s Royalists. |
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September 3 | Battle of Worcester. Cromwell defeats King Charles II. |
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October 15 | Charles II leaves Shoreham Creek for exile. |
